https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123022003954
In this study, four different sites of ponds at different time period were analysed to
show to the effect of Nanobubbleozonation (NBO). NBO is one of novel technologies
which is environmentally friendly only using air, ozone, and requiring virtually no chemicals.
All the case studies have been performed in real time in different seasons and locations
which gives the idea of importance of NBO for the treatment of water bodies with
completely natural, environmentally sustainable, cost effective, and less time-consuming
technology. Three case studies have been investigated in-situ (Site 1, 2, 4) and one
ex-situ (site-3), which verify the efficacy of NBO in treating pond water. NBO treated
water was determined to be in the standard limits, odour was eliminated, and water
was cleaned enough to be consumed by the animals. The test results show that ozone
nanobubble (NBO) in wastewater treatments achieved 85–99% reduction in total soluble
solids (TSS), 80–90% reduction in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and 55% chemical
oxygen demand (COD) reduction at site 3 and 82% COD reduction at site 4. Improved
dissolved oxygen suitable for the living beings was achieved. Hence, this paper emphasizes
the efficacy of NBO treatment to reclaim the water bodies and ecological restoration and
to achieve the sustainable goals of clean water and environmental sustainability. DO level
in all the ponds improved significantly after NBO treatment and showed the value of 14.5 mg/L
when measured even after 50 h. Nanobubble gas dissolution system not only able to improve
the dissolved oxygen up to supersaturation level but also able to retain it consistent more
than 14–15 h. The vary reason for maintaining such consistency is the size of nanobubbles
which is around <0.5 μm and NB doesn't follow the buoyancy, hence move in water in
Brownian motion. NBG systems are future of our lakes and ponds rejuvenation and maintain the water quality.
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In this paper, an efficient attempt was made to reclaim different ponds at
different sites in India through nanobubble ozonation by using NBG system
of Accelerated Cleaning System India Pvt. Ltd., India. Water treatment based
on gas dissolution system created ozone nanobubbles in ponds. NBO has been
tested successfully for the treatment of four different pond water. The proposed
system is effective and environmentally friendly because the treated water met
all CPCB's pond water standards and recycling requirements without addition
of chemicals at all the sites. This technology is simple, cost effective, and yet
efficient in the reduction of ammonia, TSS, turbidity, BOD, and COD. DO level
has considerably improved to the saturation level with this NBG/gas dissolution
system. DO reached up to supersaturation level of 26.5 mg/L at the end of the
experiment which remained stable for days and reduced very slowly because
of the presence of oxygen in the form of NBs. As shown in Fig. 8, 55–82% reduction
in COD was achieved and observed 63–91% reduction in BOD, 83–99% reduction
in TSS. DO level of water bodies were increased in the range of 42–88%. Nanobubble
technology is the game changer in such scenarios as NBG not only dissolves oxygen
gas multiple times better than the best available conventional technologies.
NBG's high gas dissolution rate (95%) makes it possible to use gases like ozone
at the site without fretting about the safety issues like off gassing etc. Installing
NBG system with the pond facility will reduce the maintenance cost as NBG system
is affordable. Such a system is expected to serve the pond's algal blooming problem
where nutrient quantity is discharged. The result of this work should encourage the
government for wide installation of the system to keep the environment clean and healthy.
